MN2.8.2 – Logical Fallacies

Lesson Objectives

By the end of this lesson, the learner will be able to:

• Understand the foundational components of the Trivium: Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric, and their relevance to reasoned debate.
• Differentiate between Formal and Informal Fallacies and explain the significance of each in argumentation.
• Identify common logical fallacies in everyday conversations, media, and formal debates.
• Construct sound arguments and recognize contradictory or fallacious reasoning in discussions.
• Apply principles of logical analysis to critically evaluate information and arguments presented in various contexts.

Logical Fallacies

audio link

In this lesson, we delve into an essential cornerstone of intellectual inquiry: logic. Logic, as part of the Trivium alongside Grammar and Rhetoric, forms the bedrock of reasoned debate and sound argumentation. Just as Grammar teaches the mechanics of language, enabling us to define and convey concepts, Logic equips us with the tools for analytical thought. It allows us to compose robust arguments, identify fallacious reasoning, and eliminate contradictions. Rhetoric, the third element of the Trivium, involves the art of persuasive communication—transmitting our reasoned understanding outwardly as wisdom.

Today’s discussion will centre on the importance of logical reasoning in academic discourse. Engaging in argumentation and debate inevitably exposes us to flawed reasoning and rhetorical errors, commonly known as logical fallacies. There are two primary types of fallacies: Formal Fallacies, which may start with true premises but lead to false conclusions, and Informal Fallacies, which maintain logical form but are unsound due to false premises.

Understanding logical fallacies is not just an academic exercise; it is crucial for navigating everyday conversations and media consumption. These fallacies are often employed, either knowingly or unknowingly, to deflect discussions away from the truth. They are prevalent in mainstream and social media, frequently used to perpetuate ideologies and misinformation. By learning to recognize and avoid these fallacies, we not only bolster our own arguments but can also critically evaluate the arguments presented by others.

As we proceed, we will explore common logical fallacies, dissect their structure, and examine real-world examples, particularly from political debates and social media. Through this lens, we will better appreciate the role of logic in fostering informed, rational discourse.

Let us begin with the foundation of logical analysis and prepare to sharpen our critical thinking skills.

Activities

Logical Fallacies

Read just this article in the series – (approx. 10-15 mins read, plus a video presentation, 7 mins)

Once completed return back here to continue with the next topic